What is C {Program Language} ?

C (pronounced like the letter C) is a general-purpose computer programming language developed between 1969 and 1973 by Dennis Ritchie at the Bell Telephone Laboratories for use with the Unix operating system.
Although C was designed for implementing system software, it is also widely used for developing portable application software.
C is one of the most widely used programming languages of all time and there are very few computer architectures for which a C compiler does not exist. C has greatly influenced many other popular programming languages, most notably C++, which began as an extension to C.

Like most imperative languages in the ALGOL tradition, C has facilities for structured programming and allows lexical variable scope and recursion, while a static type system prevents many unintended operations. In C, all executable code is contained within subroutines, which are called "functions" (although not in the strict sense of functional programming). Function parameters are always passed by value. Pass-by-reference is simulated in C by explicitly passing pointer values. C program source text is free-format, using the semicolon as a statement terminator.
C also exhibits the following more specific characteristics:
  • A small and fixed number of keywords, including a full set of flow of control primitives: for, if, while, switch and repeat loop (implemented as do..while). There is basically one namespace, and user-defined names are not distinguished from keywords by any kind of sigil.
  • A large number of compound arithmetical and logical operators, such as +=, -=, *=, ++, etc.
  • More than one assignment may be performed in a statement, and often is in idiomatic C. Function return values may be freely discarded.
  • Static, but weakly-enforced, typing; all data has a type, but implicit conversions can be performed, for instance, characters can be used as integers.
  • Definition follows use. There is no "define" keyword, instead a statement beginning with the name of a type is taken as a definition. There is no "function" keyword; instead the parentheses of an argument list indicate that a function is being defined.
  • User-defined (typedef) and compound types are possible.
    • Heterogeneous aggregate data types (struct) allow related data elements to be combined and manipulated as a unit.
    • Array indexing as a secondary notion, defined in terms of pointer arithmetic. Unlike structs, arrays are not first-class objects, and must be assigned and compared with library functions. There is no "array" keyword, in use or definition; instead, square brackets indicate arrays syntactically, e.g. myarr[].
    • Enumerated types are possible with the enum keyword. They are not tagged, and are freely interconvertible with integers.
    • Strings are not a predefined data type, but usually implemented as arrays of characters, with the same need to use library functions. The length of a C string is not fixed, nor part of its type. Variable-length C-style strings are null-terminated.
  • Low-level access to computer memory by converting machine addresses to typed pointers, on which arithmetic can be performed.
  • Procedures (subroutines not returning values) are a special case of function, returning the dummy type void.
  • Functions may not be defined within the lexical scope of other functions. (Although this may be provided as an language extension by some compilers.)
  • Function and data pointers supporting ad hoc run-time polymorphism
  • A preprocessor for macro definition, source code file inclusion, and conditional compilation.
  • C is modular: files containing functions can be compiled and linked separately. Functions are exported by default from the files containing them, whereas variables are local to the file containing them unless explicitly imported.
  • Complex functionality such as I/O, string manipulation, and mathematical functions consistently delegated to library routines
  • The traditional C toolset consists of compilers, linkers, debuggers, etc invoked from the command line. Integrated development environments have also been introduced.
C does not include some features found in newer, more modern high-level languages, including:

How to install C compiler ??
  • Download C compiler From Here.
  • Then Install It.

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